一.语法要点
构词法
在英语中,词的构成方法主要有三种:合成,转化,派生。
1.合成(compounding)—将两个或更多的词合成一个词,有的用连字符号“-”连接,有的直接写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词构成。
如:up-to-date ice-cream passer-by blackboard nightfall
cowboy newspaper bus stop post office car park
合成词常见的构成方法:
⑴ adj. + n. + ed eg: kind-hearted 好心肠的 good-tempered 脾气好的
⑵ adj. + v.-ing eg: good-looking 好看的 easy-going 随和的
⑶ adv. + v.-ing eg: hard-working 勤劳的 far-reaching 深远的
⑷ n. + v.-ing eg: peace-loving 热爱和平的 epoch-making 划时代的
⑸ n. + v.-ed eg: chinese-designed 中国设计的 heartfelt由衷的
⑹ adv. + v.-ed eg: widely-used广泛的 well-known 著名的
⑺ adj. + n. eg: large-scale 大规模的 well-known 著名的
⑻ n. + adj. eg: airsick 晕飞机的 duty-free 免税的
⑼基数词 + n. + adj. eg: four-year-old 四岁的 ten-foot-deep 十英尺深的
合成名词常见的构成方法
⑴ n. + n. eg: silkworm 蚕 half-moon 半月
⑵ adj. + n. eg: double-dealer 两面派 shorthand 速记
⑶ v-ing + n. eg: waiting-room 侯车室 sleeping-pill 安眠药
⑷ v. + n. eg: pickpocket 扒手 break-water 防洪堤
⑸ n. + v.-ing eg: handwriting 书法 sun-bathing 日光浴
⑹ v. + adv. eg: get-together 联欢会 break-through 突破
⑺ adv. + v. eg: outbreak 爆发 downfall 垮台
合成动词常见的构成方法
⑴ n. + v. eg: sleep-walk 梦游
⑵ adv. + v. eg: overthrow 推翻 undergo 经历
⑶ adj. + v. eg: whitewash 粉刷 blacklist 列入黑名单
其它合成词:maybe或许 myself我自己 moreover而且 forever永远
2.转化(conversion)—由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。
⑴ v. à n.
eg: theme parks charge money for admission. (v. 收费)
theme parks expect to make a profit by the charge for admission. (n. 费用)
⑵ n. à v.
eg: visitors can take an active part in experiment in science theme parks. (n. 实验)
inventors have to experiment with what they have invented. (v. 做实验)
⑶ adj. à v.
eg: her room is clean and tidy. (adj. 干净的)à she cleans her rjoom every day. (v. 打扫)
⑷ adv. à v.
eg: he went in and sat down. (adv. 下来)à the army downed a plane. (v. 击落)
3.派生(derivation)—由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
⑴前缀
dis-(否定):agree(同意)à disagree(不同意);like(喜欢)à dislike(不喜欢)
un-(不):happy(高兴)à unhappy(不高兴);able(能够)à unable(不能)
in-(il-, im-, ir-)(非,不):correct(正确的)à incorrect(不正确的)
non-(不无):stop(停止的)à nonstop(不停的)
re-(再):write(写)à rewrite(重写)
⑵后缀
构成名词的后缀:
-er: buy(买)à buyer(买主); -ese: janan(日本)à japanese(日本人);
-ist: social(社会)à socialist(社会主义者); -th: true( 真实的)à truth(真理);
-ian: music(音乐)à musician(音乐家); -ness: ill(有病的)à illness(病);
-ment: agree(同意)à agreement(同意); -tin: collect( 收集)à collection(收集)
构成形容词的后缀:
-al: nation(民族)à national(民族的); -ful: care(小心)à careful(小心的)
-y: cloud(云)à cloudy(多云的) -ing: excite(使…兴奋)à exciting(兴奋的)
构成动词的后缀:
-fy: beauty(美丽)à beautify(美化); -is(z)e: real(真的)à realize(实现)
构成副词的后缀: -ly: easy(容易的)—>easily(容易地)
构成数词的后缀:
-teen: third(三)à thirteen(十三); -ty: four(四)à forty(四十);
-th: twelve(十二)à twelfth(第十二)
二.重点难点
1.parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and escape their busy lives ofr a while.
amuse oneself 自我娱乐,消遣
escape v.“逃脱”,液体等“漏出”,“逃避”,被…遗忘
escape death 死里逃生
2.though parks share this basic purpose, they find various ways to meet this need.
meet可与need, requirement等名词连用,表示“满足…需要,要求”等。
3.the big companies that own theme parks expect to make a profit not just by the charges for admission, but also by selling souvenirs in their shops and advertising them on television.
by通过…方式或手段;advertising与selling并列,其前面省略了by.
not just … but also = not only … but also…(有时省略also)
4.its purpose is to involve visitors in physical exercise and athletic competition.
involve … in 使参与…;使介入…
5.… and there are future parks, where people can go on imaginary into to space and use advanced computer techniques to experience life in the future …
go on a trip (进行)旅行,还可以说take a trip, make a trip, have a trip等
future adj. 未来的,将来的;n.未来,前途,前景
与future搭配的词组:in future以后,今后;in the future 在将来;in the distant future 在将来
6.when i did finally go to the theme park, i found that it was very different.
运用语气副词,如:really, extremely, certainly, of course, only等
使用强调句型:it is/was + 被强调的部分+that+其它部分
在一般现在时和一般过去时的陈述句中,可在动词原形前加do, does, did来加强语气。译为“确实,务必”
7.how about a trip to brazil to experience surviving an airplane crash in a jungle?
how about 接动名词或动词-ing形式表示“…怎么样,…行吗?”相当于what about
三.功能句型
问路(asking the way)
how far is/are …? it’s about 10 minutes walk.
how can we get to …? it’s about 200 meters away.
it’s just behind the … over there is the …
can/could you tell/show me where …? down the path you can see …
go down this path and turn left/right at the first turning.
四. 重点单词及短语
单词
① amuse vt. 使(某人)笑,娱乐,消遣
amusement n.娱乐,消遣
② various adj. 不同种类的,各个的,各种各样的
variety n. 变化,多样化
variety (of sth.) 各种各样的
③ charge v. 索价,指控,进攻;n. 费用,主管
④ advance v. 前进,促进,提前
advanced adj. 在生命或进程中远远在前的,高深的,高级的,先进的
⑤ minority n.少数,未成年,小团体
⑥ alive adj. 活着的,活泼的,有活力的
alive and kicking 生机勃勃,精神饱满
⑦ admission n. 允许进入或获准进入某建筑物,入场费,承认,坦白
⑧ profit n. 收益,利润,好处;v. 从(经验,失误中)吸取教训
profit by sth.
profit from sth. 得益于某事物,从…中获益
⑨ imagination n. 想象力,空想,幻想物
imagine v. 想象,设想
imaginary adj. 幻想的,虚构的
imaginative adj. 富于想象力
⑩ up-to-date adf. 现代的,时新的
短语
make a profit 赢利
come to life 活跃起来
be named after 以…取名
get close to 接近
base … on/upon 基于,以…为根据