unit one friendship
direct speech and indirect speech
£¨?±?óòyó?oí???óòyó?£?
ò?£? ?ù±?????
i?±?óòyó?±??a???óòyó?
1£??¢?±?óòyó??a3?ê???
2£??¢?±?óòyó??a?íê1??
3£??¢?±?óòyó??aòé?ê??
4£??¢?±?óòyó??a?Dì???
ii
1?¢?±?óòyó?oí???óòyó???ê?óú±?ó?′ó??
2?¢?±?óòyó?oí???óòyó?μ?????
£¨1£??±?óòyó?£oò?×?2???μ?òyê?±eè?μ??°
£¨2£????óòyó?£oó??μ?°è?×??oμ??°×aê?±eè?μ??°
?t£?±???ààDí
1£??±?óòyó??a3?ê???
?±?óòyó??a3?ê???£?ó?thatòyμ?£¨?úó??D?éò?ê???£??£òyê??ˉ′êóD£osay, tellμè?£
3?ê???±????óòyó?òa×¢òa£o1?¢è?3?μ?±??ˉ2?¢??ê?′ú′ê?¢ê±??×′ó??¢μ?μ?×′ó?oí?ˉ′êμ?±??ˉ3?¢ê±ì?μ?±??ˉ4?¢è?3?μ?±??ˉ ?£
ò?°?μ?1??ò£oò????÷£??t??±?£?èy2?±?
àyè?£othe teacher said, ?°john, you must bring your book to the class. ?±
1> μúèy???μ£othe teacher told john that he must bring his book to the class.
2> ±eè?????o2?μ£othe teacher said that you must bring your book to the class.
3> ??o2×??o?μ£othe teacher said that i must bring my book to the class.
i??ê?′ú′ê?¢ê±??×′ó??¢μ?μ?×′ó?oí?ˉ′êμ?±??ˉ
1?μ??ê?′ú′êμ?±??ˉ
this---- that these----those
2?μê±??×′ó?μ?±??ˉ
now---- then ago---- before today----that day yesterday----the day before; the previous day tomorrow----the next day; the following day the day before yesterday----two days before the day after tomorrow----two days later next week/month, etc.---- the next week/month, etc. last week/month, etc.---- the week/month before
3?μμ?μ?×′ó?μ?±??ˉ
here----there
4?μ?ˉ′êμ?±??ˉ
come----go
×¢£o?úμ±μ?×aê?ê±£?here2?±??athere£?come2?±??ago.
?úμ±ìì×aê?ê±£?yesterday, tomorrowμèê±??×′ó?ò22?±??£
ii ê±ì?μ?±??ˉ£¨1£?
1?μ?÷???a???ú?ò??à′ê±ì?ê±£????óòyó?μ?ê±ì?2?±??£
e.g. a. he says, ?°i?ˉm tired.?±
he says he is tired.
b. he has said to me, ?°i?ˉm tired.?±128ò3£?μ±?°μú1ò312345678
he has said to me he is tired.
c. he will say, ?°the boy was lazy.?±
he will tell you that the boy was lazy.
2?¢?÷???a1yè¥ê±ì?ê±£??±?óòyó?ò?°?×÷?àó|μ?±??ˉ£??a?í?D?ù??μ??°ê±ì?μ?o?ó|?±?£
1£??¢ò?°????úê±±??aò?°?1yè¥ê±?£
e.g. he said, ?°i?ˉm sorry.?±
he said he was sorry.
2£????ú??DDê±±??a1yè¥??DDê±?£
e.g. she said, ?°he?ˉs waiting.?±
she said he was waiting.
3£????úíê3éê±±??a1yè¥íê3éê±?£
e.g. he said, ?°you haven?ˉt changed much.?±
he said that i hadn??t changed much.
4£?ò?°?1yè¥ê±±??a1yè¥íê3éê±?£
e.g. he said, ?°the man came at six.?±
he said that the man had come at six.
5£?ò?°???à′ê±±??a1yè¥??à′ê±?£
e.g. she said, ?°i will do it after class.?±
she said that she would do it after class.
6£?1yè¥íê3éê±2?±??£
e.g. he said, ?°i had finished my homework.?±
he said that he had finished his homework.
×¢£o?±?óòyó?è?1?ê??í1???àí£?±??a???óòyó?ê±ê±ì?2?±??£
e.g. the teacher told us, ?°the earth moves around the sun.?±
the teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.128ò3£?μ±?°μú2ò312345678
iii ê±ì?μ?±??ˉ£¨2£?
1£?o??éì??ˉ′êμ?ò?°????úê±±??a?éì??ˉ′êμ?ò?°?1yè¥ê±?£
e.g. she said, ?°he can swim very well.?±
she said that he could swim very well.
×¢£o1£?è?1??±?óòyó?μ??éì??ˉ′êê?ò?°?1yè¥ê±£????óòyó??1ê?ó??éì??ˉ′êμ?1yè¥ò?°?ê±?£
e.g. she said, ?°he could swim very well.?±
she said that he could swim very well.
2£?óDD??éì??ˉ′êè?must, ought to, need, had betterμè??óDò???D?ê?£????′?ú???óòyó??DD?ê?2?±??£
e.g. he said, ?°i must study hard.?±
he said that he must study hard.
2?¢?±?óòyó??a?íê1??
?±?óòyó??a?íê1??£?±??a???óòyó?ê±???íê1??μ??ˉ′ê?-D?±??a′?toμ?2??¨ê??£òyê??ˉ′êóD£otell, ask, orderμè?£?üμ?·??¨ê??úto?°?ónot?£?ü??óDê±ì?μ?±??ˉ?£????μ?±??ˉoí?±?óòyó?ê?3?ê???μ??é???àí??£
e.g. i said to her, ?°please give me a glass of water.?±
i asked her to give me a glass of water.
she said to him, ?°come at five o?ˉclock.?±
she told him to come at five o?ˉclock.
he said, ?°don?ˉt make so much noise, boys.?±
he told the boys not to make so much noise.
3?¢?±?óòyó??aòé?ê??£¨1£?
?±?óòyó??aòé?ê??£?±??a???óòyó?ê±ó?Dòó?ò?°?′ó???àí?£?ó?3?ê???μ?ó?Dò£?be, haveμè?ú?ˉ′ê??·??ú?÷ó???oó?£òyê??ˉ′ê3£ó?say, ask, wonder, inquireμè?£?±?óòyó??a3?ê???±??a???óòyó?ó|×÷?÷??±??ˉμ?òa?óò2í??ùê1ó??£
1£??±?óòyó??aò?°?òé?ê??ê±£?óéwhether?òifòyμ??£
e.g. he said to us, ?°are you going away today??±
he asked to us whether we were going away that day.
she said, ?°is he your brother??±
she asked if he was my brother.128ò3£?μ±?°μú3ò312345678
2£? ?±?óòyó??aì?êaòé?ê??ê±£???1?áa′êó??àó|μ?òé?ê′ú′ê?òòé?ê?±′ê?£
e.g. she asked, ?°who will help me finish the job??±
she asked who would help her finish the job.
he asked, ?°what have you done??±
he asked what i had done.
3£??±?óòyó??a????òé?ê??£?±??a???óòyó?ê±ó|ó?whether?-or?-?£
e.g. ?°do you like tea or coffee??± she asked me.
she asked me whether i like tea or coffee.
4?¢?±?óòyó??a?Dì???
?±?óòyó??a?Dì???£?±??a???óòyó?ê±£?òyê??ˉ′êóDtell, exclaimμè?£????μ?±??ˉoí?±?óòyó??a3?ê???ê±μ?±??ˉ?àí??£
e.g. ?°what a brave boy you are!?± she told him.
she told him what a brave boy he was.
óDê±???óòyó??éó?thatòyμ??£
e.g. he said, ?°how foolish i have been!?±
he said how foolish he had been.
he said that he had been very foolish.
μ??÷????
£¨ò?£? ????ê?ìaìa??ó?·???
1£?[1985] can you tell me____?
a. who is that gentleman b. that gentleman is who
c. who that gentleman d. whom is that gentleman
2. [1986] can you tell me _____the railway station?
a. how i can get to b. how can i get to
c. where i can get to d. where can i get to
3. [1998] i asked my lawyer _____say in court.
a. what i should b. what should i
c. how i should d. how should i 128ò3£?μ±?°μú4ò312345678
题析:这三题的答案分别是:c、a、a。这三题的选项部分(即间接引语部分)都是含有疑问的意思,本来应是特殊疑问句形式,但当疑问句改为间接引语时,须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。
归纳:
(1)用自己的话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般都构成宾语从句。
(2)特殊疑问句变间接引语,首先把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,去掉问号,然后用原句的wh—疑问词引导。
(3)陈述句由直接引语转换为间接引语,首先将陈述句转换为由不得that引导的宾语从句。引语动词常用say, tell等。
eg. 直接引语:“i enjoy playing chess”
间接引语:she said that she enjoyed playing chess.
(4)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,首先将疑问句词序变为陈述句词序,去掉问号,然后在句子前面加whether或if。引语动词可用ask , wonder, want to know, don’t know ,be not sure , be puzzled 等,但不能用say, tell。
eg.直接引语:“are you feeling tired?”
间接引语:the teacher asked me whether i was feeling tired .
4. [1988] they want to know _____do to help us .
a. what can they b. what they can
c. how they can d. how can they
5. [1991] no one can be sure ____in a million years.
a. what man will look like b. what will man look like .
c. man will look like what d. what look will man like
6. [1987] they have no idea at all________.
a. where he has gone . b. where did he go
c. which place he has gone d. where has he gone.
题析:
(1) 第4题选b。首先要选择间接引语部分是陈述词序的选项;第二要考虑疑问词的正确使用,从句子结构来看,间接引语部分的谓语do缺少了宾语,因此应选择连接词what充当do的宾语。
(2) 第5题选a。第一个原因与上题一样;第二点关于疑问词的考虑,因为间接引语部分的谓语will look like 的like是介词,而介词必须带有宾语,因此使用连接词what充当介词like 的宾语。
(3) 第6题选a。第一个原因与第4题一样;至于疑问词的选择,因为go是一个不及物动词,如果要表示“去哪里”,就要用“go+副词”或“go+介词+名词/代词”结构,因此如果选c的话,gone后应加介词to。故使用连接词where。共8页,当前第5页12345678
1é?é£o
£¨5£??ú×?μ¥??????ìaê±£?3yá????????óòyó?2?·?Dèó?3?ê?′êDòía£??1ó|????è?o??????yè·μ?á??ó′ê?£ó???ò???á??ó′êòaè???óú??×ó±í′?μ?òa??ò??°???óòyó?2?·??ùè±éùμ?3é·??£
7£?[1990] can you make sure _____the gold ring ?
a. where alice had put b. where had alice put
c. where alice has put d. where has alice put
ìa??£o
?aìaμ?′e°???c?£μúò?μ?????μ?ê????óòyó?2?·?Dèê1ó?3?ê?′êDò£?1ê??3yboíd?£μú?t????μ?ê?ê±ì??êìa?£òò?a?÷??ê1ó?á?ò?°????úê±£?è?1?????a£?ê1ó?1yè¥íê3éê±£??ú?a????×ó2¢??óD1yè¥ê±??×÷2???μ?£?òò′?2??üê1ó?1yè¥íê3éê±?£
1é?é£o
£¨6£????óòyó?2?·?μ?ê±ì?±?D?ó??÷??μ?ê±ì??àD-μ÷?£
£¨7£?è?1??±?óòyó??ù?úμ????Dμ???ó??ˉ′êê????úê±?ò??à′ê±ì?£????a???óòyó?ê±£?ê±ì?2?±??£
eg. he says ?°i didn?ˉt go to school today.?±
he says that he didn?ˉt go to school that day .
£¨8£?è?1??±?óòyó??2ê?μ?ê??í1???àí???ó£????a???óòyó?ê±£???ò?°????úê±2?±??£
eg. the teacher said ,?°the earth is round .?±
the teacher said that the earth is round .
£¨9£?è?1??μ?°ê±??ó?òyê?ê±??2?í?£??′òyê??3è?1yè¥?μ1yμ??°£??ò?ˉ′êê±ì?òa×÷?àó|μ?±??ˉ£??′?ˉ′êê±ì?ò??é?ò1yè¥í?ò?ò?2??£
eg. a. ?±?óòyó?£o?°it?ˉs snowing.?±
???óòyó?£ohe told me that it was snowing.
b. ?±?óòyó?£o?°i have studied english for ten years.?±
???óòyó?£ohe said that he had studied english for ten years.
c. ?±?óòyó?£o?°i am looking forward to seeing tom.?±
???óòyó?£o he told me he was looking forward to seeing tom.
d. ?±?óòyó?£o?°we will miss the bus .?±
???óòyó?£oshe was afraid they would miss the bus .
£¨10£??±?óòyó??Dμ?Dé?aó???£?ê±ì?±£3?2?±??£
eg. ?°i suggest that the meeting be put off till next week.?± he said.
he suggested that the meeting be put off till the next week.
£¨11£?μ±?±?óòyó??DóDè·?¨μ?1yè¥ê±??×′ó?ê±£???ó??ˉ′êμ?ò?°?1yè¥ê±2?±?±??a1yè¥íê3éê±£?òò?a?ú?a???é????£??°1yè¥μ?1yè¥?±ò??-2??????÷?£128ò3£?μ±?°μú6ò312345678
eg. ?°i was born in 1950?±.
he said was born in 1950.
8.[1996] the patient was warned _______oily food after the operation.
a. to eat not b. eating not c. not to eat
d. not eating
ìa??£o
?aò?ìaμ?′e°???c?£?a???°ê????óòyó?μ?áíò???D?ê?£??′?íê1??μ????óòyó??£?íê1?????a???óòyó?ê±£?°??íê1???Dμ??ˉ′ê?-D????a?ˉ′ê2??¨ê?£?è?1?ê?·??¨?íê1??£??í?ú?ˉ′ê2??¨ê??°?ónot,òò′?????c?£
1é?é£o
£¨12£??±?óòyó?è?1?ê??íê1??£?±????óòyó?ê±£?òaê1ó??°??+±?+2??¨ê??±?á11£?òyê??ˉ′ê3£ó?ask , tell ,warn , advise, order μè?£è?1????íê1??μ??μ?°??2éó?μ??ˉ′ê?asaid, ?í???????atold , asked ?ò orderedμè£?è?1??íê1???DóDplease ò?′ê£????a???óòyó?ê±£?òa??pleaseè¥μ??£
(?t) á·?°
1£? my father suggested _____ a jo6 in a hospital.
a. that i get b. that i got c. me to get .
d. that my getting
2. can you tell me _____the 28th olympic games____?
a. when will , be held . b. when , will be held
c. when will be , held d. when ,will hold
3.mr brown is said _____a new novel.
a. to write b. to have been written
c. to be written d. to have written
4.he demanded that every student _____there at once.
a. went b. must go c. goes d. go
5. that man insisted that he ____ there.
a. should send b. would be sent c. be sent d. sent
6. i want to know ______.
a. what city does she come from
b. from what city does she come .
c. from which city does she come .
d. what city she comes from .
7.?°were you able to borrow helen?ˉs camera ??±
?°no, she said ______lend it to anyone .?±
a. she?ˉll rather not . b. she wouldn?ˉt rather
c. she?ˉd rather not d. she doesn?ˉt rather
8. i wonder if she ____us , but i think if she ____us we will be able to complete the take ahead of time .
a. helps ; helps b. will help ; has helped .128ò3£?μ±?°μú7ò312345678
c. helps ; will help d. will help ; helps
9. he said that he _____there for three years .
a. has studied b. had studied
c. studied d. was studying
10. can you tell me _____ ? i haven?ˉt seen you for years .
a. where have you gone b. where have you been
c. where you have been d. where you have gone
11. ask him how much ________.
a. did it cost b. cost it
c. it cost d. it costed
12.?°do me a favour, please.?± the teacher said .
the teacher asked us to ________.
a . do him a favour b. do me a favour
c. do a favour to her d. do a favour for me .
13.?°don?ˉt be late again ?±,the teacher said to me .
the teacher asked me __________ .
a. not to be late again b. no to be late again
c. not to be late more d. not to be late any longer.
14. i asked her ______me the book .
a. to give b. giving c. be given d. gave
15.?°make sure the door is locked ?± mother said .
mother told me _____.
a . make sure the door is locked .
b. make sure the door was locked .
c. to make sure the door is locked .
d. to make sure the door was locked.
′e°?£o 1?¢a 2?¢ b 3?¢d 4?¢d 5?¢c 6?¢d
7?¢c 8?¢d 9?¢b 10?¢c 11?¢ c 12?¢a 13?¢a 14?¢a 15?¢d?£
128ò3£?μ±?°μú8ò312345678